Imingcele eyinhloko nezinkinga ezivamile zephampu ye-hydraulic

2025.03.14

Imingcele eyinhloko nezinkinga ezivamile zephampu ye-hydraulic

1.6.5 isenzakalo sikawoyela esivalelekile kanye nezinyathelo zokuthulula

(1) Inqubo yokusebenza yephampu ye-hydraulic eguquguqukayo ngokuvamile ihlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu: okokuqala, uketshezi lumuncwa i-vacuum ekhiqizwa ukwanda kwevolumu yegumbi lokudonsa uwoyela (isiteji sokumunca uwoyela), bese uketshezi lukhishelwa ohlelweni ngokuncipha kwevolumu yegumbi lokulahla uwoyela (isiteji sokukhipha uwoyela). Lapha ikakhulukazi ukuhlaziya ukwenzeka kwamafutha avaleleke kanye nezindlela zawo zokuthulula.

Ngokwesimiso esiyisisekelo sokusebenza sephampu ye-hydraulic, lapho ipompo ye-hydraulic isesigabeni esiphakathi, indawo yayo yokusebenza isendaweni yokuvala yesikhashana phakathi kwemigodi yokudonsa uwoyela kanye nokukhipha uwoyela, ebamba ingxenye yamafutha endaweni yokuvala futhi yakhe umthamo wamafutha avaleleke. Ngokujikeleza kwepompo ye-hydraulic, ukunyakaza kwe-squeezer kuzodala izinguquko ngezikhathi ezithile kumthamo wamafutha abanjwe: lapho umthamo wamafutha oboshiwe uyancipha, ukucindezela kwamafutha kuyanda, okubangela umthwalo wesikhathi owengeziwe ekuthwaleni nezinye izingxenye zepompo, okuholela emthelela nomsindo, okuholela ekushiseni kwamafutha; lapho umthamo wamafutha oboshiwe ukhuphuka, ingcindezi iyancipha (i-vacuum yendawo) ngenxa yokungabikho kwamafutha, i-Cavitation ne-cavitation ingenzeka. Lesi yisimo samafutha avalelwe. Amafutha abanjwe yisimo esiyingozi, azonciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwepompo ye-hydraulic, anciphise impilo yesevisi yepompo, ngakho-ke kufanele sizame ukuyiqeda.

Ukuze kuqedwe ukwenzeka kwamafutha avalelwe, izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuthulula kufanele zithathwe esakhiweni. Isimiso siwukwenza ushintsho lwengcindezi kumthamo kawoyela ovalelekile ngangokunokwenzeka ukujwayela ingcindezi lapho ukumunca uwoyela nokukhipha izimbotshana kuxhunywe endaweni yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwevolumu.

(2) Izinyathelo zokukhipha umthwalo ngenxa yokuthi umgodi wokusebenza wepompo elisebenza ngogesi uphakathi kwemigodi yokumunca nokukhiphayo uma isesigabeni esimaphakathi, kunezimo ezintathu ezingenzeka: ikhava engalungile, ikhava enguziro kanye nesembozo esihle.

① Ukumboza okungekuhle, okubuye kwaziwe njengokuvula okuhle, kusho ukuthi uma imbobo yokusebenza iphakathi kwemigodi yokudonsa uwoyela kanye nokuphuma, imbobo yokusebenza izoxhumana nabo. Ngalesi sikhathi, igumbi elisebenzayo ngeke likhiqize amafutha abanjwe, kodwa lizokhiqiza ukuvuza okukhulu kwangaphakathi, okuzonciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-volumetric, ngakho-ke isakhiwo sokumboza esibi ngokuvamile asisetshenziswa.

② Ikhava enguziro, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-zero opening, ibhekisela esimweni lapho imbobo yokusebenza iphakathi kwemigodi yokumunca uwoyela kanye nezimbotshana zokuphuma uwoyela, imbobo esebenzayo ivalwa nje futhi imigodi yokudonsa uwoyela kanye nokukhipha uwoyela kuyahlukaniswa. Kulesi simo, ingcindezi kawoyela ekamelweni lokusebenza ikhuphuka isuka ekucindezelweni kwamafutha kuya ekucindezelweni kokukhishwa kwamafutha noma yehla kusukela ekucindezelweni kokukhishwa kwamafutha kuya ekucindezelweni kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukushaqeka kwengcindezi nomsindo, okuyisenzakalo samafutha abanjwe.

③ Ukumboza okuhle, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuvuleka okungekuhle, kubhekise esimeni lapho imbobo yokusebenza ivalwa isikhathi esithile, esizokhiqiza into yokubamba uwoyela. Kodwa-ke, inqobo nje uma i-phenomenon yamafutha abanjwe ngokufanelekile isetshenziswa, isinyathelo sesinyathelo sokucindezela singaqedwa. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo esihle sokumboza kanye nezinyathelo zokuthulula ezisekelwe kulesi sakhiwo zivame ukusetshenziswa kumaphampu we-hydraulic, futhi isakhiwo esithile siyahlukahluka ngohlobo lwepompo.

Isibonelo, iphampu yegiya ingaphambili nangemuva kwepompo, isembozo sokugcina sendawo engaphakathi yendawo yokuthulula ehambisana nendawo kawoyela evaleleke, kuyilapho iphampu ye-axial piston isepuleti le-valve elinegroove engunxantathu noma imbobo kawoyela.

1.6.6 i-flow pulsation

Ngokusho kwe-kinematics yepompo ye-hydraulic, ukugeleza okusheshayo kwamaphampu amaningi akuhlali njalo emcabangweni (ngaphandle kwepompo yesikulufu), futhi kukhona ukugeleza kokugeleza. I-Flow pulsation inomthelela oqondile ekusebenzeni nasekuphileni kwezingxenye ze-hydraulic kanye nezinhlelo. Uma kukhulu ukuguquguquka kwe-amplitude kokugeleza okusheshayo, kuba kubi kakhulu ukuzinza kokunyakaza kwe-hydraulic actuator. Ohlelweni lokuphakela uwoyela wephampu eningi, ukuvumelanisa kwe-pulsation kungase kwandise i-amplitude futhi kubi nakakhulu ukusebenza. I-flow pulsation esheshayo izophinde ibangele ukucindezela kokucindezela, okuzodala ukulimala kokukhathala ku-shaft yokudlulisela, i-bearing, ipayipi, i-joint kanye ne-seal yepompo ye-hydraulic kanye ne-motor. Ukwengeza, lapho imvamisa yokuphefumula kokugeleza okusheshayo iseduze noma ihambisana nemvamisa yemvelo ye-valve yokusiza, i-resonance phenomenon ye-valve ingase ibangelwe.

I-Flow pulsation ngokuvamile ihlolwa nge-flow non-uniformity coefficient, isb

(1-16)

Lapho (qinst) ubuningi -- ukugeleza kwethiyori okuphezulu ngokushesha kwephampu ye-hydraulic;

(qinst) min -- ubuncane bokugeleza kwethiyori esheshayo kwephampu ye-hydraulic.

Uma kuncane ukugeleza kwe-coefficient engu-δ okuwukuthi, i-flow pulsation iba mancane noma iba ngcono ikhwalithi yokugeleza kwethiyori esheshayo.

Imvamisa ye-flow pulsation ihlobene nemingcele yesakhiwo njengejubane lepompo kanye nenani lezincintisi (njengenombolo yamazinyo egiya wephampu yegiya, inani lama-blade wepompo ye-vane, inombolo ye-plunger yepompo ye-plunger, njll.). Izinhlobo ezihlukene zamaphampu noma amaphampu ohlobo olufanayo nosayizi abahlukene bejiyomethri banokuhlukahluka kokugeleza kokugeleza.

Shiya imininingwane yakho futhi
sizokuthinta.

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